Knowing the hallmarks of realism in portraiture helps us to understand how and to what extent modern artists have pushed and stretched these boundaries – experimenting, altering, distorting, and sometimes, eradicating traditional or realistic representation. We look at modern innovations in relation to the following:
- Proportion
- Planar structure of the head
- Behaviour of light and shadow
- Natural colour
- Form and edge
Over the course of modern art, we basically see each element of the painting altered in some way, and to varying degrees. Some stay close to the traditional representational portrait, while others reach towards oblivion or extinction. We will chart the development of the portrait and the innovative techniques in terms of how they treat the different elements of pictorial representation:
- VALUE: often subjugated in favour of colour (Impressionism)
- COLOUR: pushed to the extreme (Fauvism), and used to convey emotional qualities (Symbolism, Expressionism)
- CHROMA: from subtle and subdued (Symbolism) to over-saturated (Expressionism)
- DESIGN & PROPORTION: increasingly modified and distorted (Abstract Expressionism)
- FORM: regression to two-dimensions (Post-Impressionism) and propulsion to multi-dimensions (Cubism)
- LINE: its treatment by Degas, De Lempicka, and Schiele
- BRUSHWORK & TEXTURE: Freud, Bacon, Le Brocquy
This course will not only provide a myriad of inspirational ideas for your own portrait work, as we create original portraits that draw on the many innovations and styles that have been conceived, but it will also help you understand realism, and put this in reverse context.